ANATOMIA
ARTIGOS
Zahner M, 1996 Vascular system in the large intestine of the dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris) Anat Histol Embryol 25(2), 101-108 (1996)
Macdonald AA, 1995 Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae). J Anat 186( Pt 2), 235-243 (1995)
Peichl L, 1992 Topography of ganglion cells in the dog and wolf retina. J Comp Neurol 324(4), 603-620 (1992)
Plishka J, 1992 Bending strength of upper canine tooth in domestic dogs. Anat Anz 174(4), 321-326 (1992)
Peichl L, 1991 Catecholaminergic amacrine cells in the dog and wolf retina. Vis Neurosci 7(6), 575-587 (1991)
Kraling C, 1990 The origin, growth, use, size and form of the ligamentum phrenicopericardium of Canis lupus (L. 1758) compared to Canis lupus f. familiaris Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 136(3), 327-332 (1990)
Ziesenis A, 1990 The ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint of the wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758)--anatomic and functional analysis in comparison with the domestic dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris) Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 136(6), 759-773 (1990)
Rudik SK, 1988 Topography and structure of the stylohyoid muscle in mammals Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 94(4), 29-34 (1988)
Barrette C, 1986 Mechanical analysis of the malformed, yet functional, mandibular joints of a wild timber wolf, Canis lupus. Arch Oral Biol 31(6), 351-356 (1986)
Schliemann H, 1966 On morphology and development of the skull of Canis lupus f. familiaris L Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 109(4), 501-603 (1966)
TESES
Vila i Arbones, Carles. ASPECTOS MORFOLOGICOS Y ECOLOGICOS DEL LOBO IBERICO CANIS LUPUS L. Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 58-02, Section: C, page: 0514. Abstract We have studied the craniometry, external measurements, colour and skin designs of the Iberian wolf to characterize their populations. We analysed three possible sources of intrapopulation variability -sexual dimorphism, growth and geographical variation--and we discuss the ecological and adaptive significance of that variability. Wolves growth occurs mainly until the first year and a half of age, increasing the dimorphism (males are bigger than females) until the second year, when sexual maturity is reached. Wolves from Southern Spain show some differences from those from the North. We have also compared Iberian wolves to those from different populations from the former Soviet Union, Arabia, Turkey, Greece, Italy and the available bibliographic information from all Eurasia. The results suggest that it is correct to consider the Iberian wolf as a distinct subspecies, Canis lupus signatus Cabrera, 1907. Six wolves have been radio-tracked in the border between Zamora and Leon provinces (NW Spain). This has made possible a first approach to the knowledge of their temporal (activity patterns and variability) and spatial ecology (home ranges, habitat selection, dispersion, territorial delimitation by faeces $..$). The wolves showed a marked nocturnal behavior (except breeding females, that became arrythmical), and were active less than 30% of the time. They selected forested habitats for the diurnal resting periods. Their home range reached 1000 $ km^2$ but they were usually around 300 $ km^2$ for one season, decreasing in females during the summer (breeding) and increasing for males in late winter-spring (heat and gestation time).
Hindelang, Mary. SKELETAL INTEGRITY OF ISLE ROYALE MOOSE: A STUDY OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND OSTEOPATHOLOGY RELATED TO SENESCENCE (ALCES ALCES, MICHIGAN). Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 57-03, Section: B, page: 1529. Abstract Skeletal remains of moose (Alces alces) have been collected in Isle Royale National Park, MI, from animals dying as a result of wolf (Canis lupus) predation and other natural causes since 1958, during a long term study of wolf-moose dynamics. Skeletal archives and a database of important parameters provided information on over 2500 moose. Using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), digital image enhancement techniques, and biomechanical testing on bones, relationships among age, sex, skeletal status, and senescence (accelerated decline in age-specific survival) were studied. I found significant decline in bone mineral density (BMD) with age in both sexes, and a positive correlation between low BMD in the long bones and osteoporotic lesions in the skull, indicating pervasive loss of bone mass. There was an increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, and osteoporosis beginning at age 7 to 10, concurrent with the accelerated decline in age-specific survival, both earlier in males. Moose that died of accidents or necropsy had a significantly higher mean BMD (488 $\pm$ 128) than those that were killed by wolves (401 $\pm$ 148) or moose that died of malnutrition (279 $\pm$ 135). Moose that died in summer or fall had a higher mean BMD (456 $\pm$ 109) than those that died in winter (389 $\pm$ 151), reflecting the depleted mineral status of bones after the rut and during pregnancy in a season of poor nutritional replacement. Tests of trabecular bone mechanical properties indicated a significant correlation between modulus of elasticity and bone mineral equivalent density. Both sexes showed significant subperiosteal expansion, increase in medullary cavity size, and overall increase in cortical bone area with age, indicating remodeling of bone to increase geometric strength with periosteal apposition exceeding edosteal resorption. Reproductive success demands mobilization of vast quantities of minerals from nutritional and skeletal reserves to grow large antlers and meet the gestational and lactational needs of offspring at the expense of bones and teeth. From an evolutionary perspective, bone status at the time of death may be interpreted as a reflection of the trade-off between reproductive investment and maintenance of healthy bones.
Goulet, Gloria D. COMPARISON OF TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SKULL VARIATION AMONG NEARCTIC MODERN, HOLOCENE AND LATE PLEISTOCENE GRAY WOLVES (CANIS LUPUS) (AND SELECTED CANIS). Masters Abstracts International. Volume: 32-05, page: 1355. Abstract The hypothesis that current gray wolf geographic populations differ as a result of adaptation to varying ecological requirements in different habitats was tested. The relationship between variation in skull characteristics among temporal (late Pleistocene and Holocene) and modern geographical populations and prevailing environmental conditions was investigated in an attempt to determine the cause of variation (genetic divergence or physiological response). Results indicated that size variation among modern gray wolf geographical populations was due to physiological adaptation to environmental conditions, while skull shape variation among temporally separated North American canid populations may be due to genetic divergence. Based on the results I suggest that wolf-like canids evolved allopatrically in both the Nearctic and Palearctic. Further, the modern Nearctic gray wolves included here were descendants of Eurasian wolves that spread to North America across the Beringian land bridge during intermittent Pleistocene glaciation events. Evidence suggests that the great plains subspecies (C. l. nubilus) evolved with the prairie habitat that developed in mid-latitude North America at the end of the latest glaciation. Despite the lack of evidence for heritability of distinctive traits, subspecies designation should be retained because of evidence indicating that the plains gray wolf was ecologically distinct from gray wolves inhabiting adjacent regions. I suggest that ecological preferences communicated from parent to offspring likely contributed to the temporal maintenance of size variation among post-Pleistocene gray wolf populations. Similarities in skull shape characteristics between Rancholabrean dire wolves (C. dirus) and gray wolves of Eurasian ancestry suggest that the two species were closely related. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Última atualização: 22/02/1998