EVOLUÇÃO; DNA; GENÉTICA
(Evolution; DNA; Genetics)
ARTIGOS
The carnivore remains from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site. J Hum Evol 33(2-3), 155-174 (1997)
Savolainen P, 1997 Sequence analysis of domestic dog mitochondrial DNA for forensic use. J Forensic Sci 42(4), 593-600 (1997)
Ellegren H, 1996 The genetical history of an isolated population of the endangered grey wolf Canis lupus: a study of nuclear and mitochondrial polymorphisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 351(1348), 1661-1669 (1996)
Randi E, 1993 Allozyme variability in the Italian wolf (Canis lupus) population. Heredity 71( Pt 5), 516-522 (1993)
Kirsche W, 1993 Microstructure of fossil mammalian bones from the Rixdorfer Horizon of Weichsel-Kaltzeit at Niederlehme near Konigs Wusterhausen (Brandengurg) Anat Anz 175(2), 177-184 (1993)
Laikre L, 1992 DNA fingerprints of captive wolves (Canis lupus). Hereditas 117(3), 293-296 (1992)
Wayne RK, 1987 Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. II. Divergence from the primitive carnivore karyotype. Cytogenet Cell Genet 44(2-3), 134-141 (1987)
Wayne RK, 1987 Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. I. Species with high diploid numbers. Cytogenet Cell Genet 44(2-3), 123-133 (1987)
Mayr B, 1986 Heterochromatin composition and nucleolus organizer activity in four canid species. Can J Genet Cytol 28(5), 744-753 (1986)
Fisher RA, 1976 An investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild Canidae: Canis lupus, Canis latrans, and Canis familiaris. Biochem Genet 14(11-12), 963-974 (1976)
Wilson AC. Maxson LR. Sarich VM. Two types of molecular evolution. Evidence from studies of interspecific hybridization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71(7):2843-7, 1974 Jul.
Christensen K, 1985 Polymorphism of serum albumin in dog breeds and its relation to weight and leg length. Hereditas 102(2), 219-223 (1985)
Thomas RH. Schaffner W. Wilson AC. Paabo S. DNA phylogeny of the extinct marsupial wolf. Nature. 340(6233):465-7, 1989 Aug 10. Abstract The phylogenetic affiliation of the extinct marsupial wolf (Thylacinus cynocephalus), which once was widespread in Australia, has been uncertain. On the basis of morphology, some systematists argue that the thylacine was most closely related to an extinct group of South American carnivorous marsupials, the borhyaenids, whereas others consider it to be closer to Australian carnivorous marsupials. Here we use direct sequencing by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare 219 bases of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from museum specimens of the marsupial wolf and representatives of six genera of extant marsupials. In agreement with the results of an antigenic study of albumin, our genetic data suggest that the marsupial wolf was more closely related to other Australian marsupial carnivores than to those of South America. Thus, the marsupial wolf represents an example of convergent morphological evolution to South American carnivorous marsupials as well as to true wolves.
Lowenstein JM. Sarich VM. Richardson BJ. Albumin systematics of the extinct mammoth and Tasmanian wolf. Nature. 291(5814):409-11, 1981 Jun 4.
TESES
Lehman, Niles Edward. POPULATION GENETICS OF COYOTES, FOXES, AND WOLVES (EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY). Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 51-11, Section: B, page: 5105. Abstract The population genetics of three species of North American canids, coyotes (Canis latrans), California Channel Island gray foxes (Urocyon littortalis), and gray wolves (Canis lupus) were investigated using two molecular markers, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and hypervariable DNA (hvDNA). These markers were selected in order to reveal patterns of gene flow and population structuring which could not be determined with classical phenotype-based techniques. The findings are summarized as the following. First, within North America, gray wolves possess many fewer mtDNA genotypes than do coyotes, a reflection perhaps of a population bottleneck of wolves during or since the Pleistocene. Second, hybridization between wolves and coyotes have occurred in the Great Lakes region during the last 100 years to such an extent that over fifty percent of all wolves in this area possess a coyote mtDNA genotype. No coyotes possess a wolf mtDNA genotype, indicating that introgression of mtDNA has been unidirectional from coyotes to wolves. Third, the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs of small geographic regions can be inferred with some success when a combined analysis of mtDNA and hvDNA is employed. Fourth, an analysis of the Channel Island fox demonstrates that hvDNA may be used to extract phylogeographic information in small, isolated populations. Finally, the foxes on San Nicolas Island appear to be genetically indistinguishable, a situation which previously had not been reported for an outbred population.
Morey, Darcy Franklin. CRANIAL ALLOMETRY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE DOMESTIC DOG. Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 51-12, Section: A, page: 4168. Abstract Evolution of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) from the wolf (Canis lupus) resulted in rapid, consistent morphological changes. These changes include overall size reduction, juvenilized morphology in the cranium, and, in earliest specimens, large crowded teeth. Anthropological analyses usually assume these changes to be products of human selection, conscious or unconscious. Analysis from an evolutionary perspective suggest these changes are more efficiently modeled as consequences of size reduction and altered life history strategies, associated with the new domestic niche. Allometric analysis of craniometric data from modern canids and early domestic dogs (the latter pre-dating 3,000 B.P.) indicates that the prehistoric dogs exhibit proportionally wider cranial vaults and palates relative to wild Canis, as well as proportionally longer teeth. These morphological traits are not referable to allometries seen in wild adult Canis. Proportional differences in anterior cranial length variables are associated with consistent interspecific allometric trends. All patterns are consistent with previous allometric investigations involving modern dog breeds. Analysis of ontogenetic data from wolves indicates that altered cranial proportions in adult dogs reflect ontogenetic scaling with wolves. Multivariate analysis indicates that the prehistoric dogs are more similar to juvenile wolves than to any adult wild Canis. Ontogenetic scaling, with consequent juvenilized morphology, presumably reflects the genetically simplest means of accommodating rapid evolutionary size change. Patterns of dental allometry stem from lack of tight developmental integration between dental growth and overall somatic growth. Smaller body size was produced through progenetic heterochrony, which resulted in both time and rate alterations during growth among evolving dogs. The widespread emergence of selective breeding in relatively recent times has produced remarkable size diversity in modern dogs. Morphology, however, is largely constrained to developmental pathways. In general, developmental pathways may control morphological diversity under conditions of rapid evolutionary size change. Heterochrony should be explored as a mechanism of evolutionary change in other domestic animals.
Última atualização: 22/02/1998